NOTE 12 — FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT CONCENTRATIONS

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. When determining fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it transacts and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date.

Level 2—Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset and liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.

Due to the relatively short maturity of the respective instruments, the fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximated their carrying values as of March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2020. The derivative liability discussed in Note 6 was required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis beginning on February 17, 2021. Please refer to Note 6 for the key Level 3 inputs used for the valuation of this derivative liability as of February 17, 2021 and March 31, 2021. The Company did not have any assets or other liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2020. The Company’s policy is to recognize asset or liability transfers among Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 as of the actual date of the events or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not have any transfers of its assets or liabilities between levels of the fair value hierarchy.

Significant Concentrations

Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents at high-quality financial institutions. For the nine months ended March 31, 2021, cash deposits have exceeded the amount of federal insurance provided on such deposits. As of March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2020, the Company had cash and cash equivalents with a single financial institution with an aggregate balance of $32.0 million and $10.0 million, respectively. The Company has never experienced any losses related to its investments in cash and cash equivalents.